The Hindu Business Line : No missing books

The first part of this article talked of the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology in libraries. In the second part, we take a closer look at RFID tags and the scanning processes.

Types of tags

The tag is as thin as paper and contains an etched antenna and a microchip with a capacity of 96 bits. The header takes 8 bits, e-PC manager needs 28 bits, object class takes 24 bits and the serial number, 36 bits. 256 bit and 1024 bit tags are special types.

Tags are of three types: Read only, WORM and Read/Write and are classified as passive-read, passive-read/write, active-read, and active-read/write. The identification of a book is encoded in the label and made non-rewritable, and hence becomes `read only'. Libraries that have collections without barcodes can also use these. WORM is an acronym for Write-Once-Read-Many. A collection of books already barcoded can be converted using WORM. Read/Write tags suit most libraries.

More information as author and/or a truncated title that remains unchanged — in addition to the identification number — can be added. The location of rack and row is information that changes and is catered for. Further, a library can add an identification code for each branch. It can be secured against rewriting. Reusable tags are economical.

Locating an RFID tag on a book or CD/DVD needs to be consistent. Only limited space is found on a CD/DVD and videotape for the placement of labels. More options are available for labelling books. The inside of the back cover or the spine, approximately 7 cm above the bottom, is the recommended location. Metal shelves in libraries cause possible interference and need to be checked and can be avoided by properly locating the label. However, special tags usable on metallic assets are also available. Most RFID labels last for 100,000 transactions before a label may need to be replaced.

Scanning gun

A scanning gun can read a group of books on the shelves to locate missing and misplaced books. It scans without tipping them out or by removing them. It is a hand-held inventory reader to read all of the unique identification information.

Using wireless technology, it is possible not only to update the inventory, but also to identify items that are out of proper order. A "book-drop" reader can automatically check library items and reactivate security. These units can also be used with sorter and conveyor systems.

Three different locations of tags reduce the possibility that the tags of two or more books will align exactly on top of one another and cancel one another out. False alarms are not uncommon before the system settles down. Most libraries cannot tag their entire collections at one time. Phased implementation can be planned. Tag/label for books can cost Rs 30 each for large volumes. Active tags can be Rs 1,500 each.

The RFID tag can also be attached to the staff and patron identification card. It identifies patrons for charging and discharging of library materials.

Access to restricted areas or services can be monitored through tags.

The RFID card can become `smart' with additional encryption. It becomes a `debit' card, with value added on payment of fees and value subtracted when a photocopier, printer, or other fee-based device is used, or if a fine is charged.

Concluded

(The author is a retired Squadron Leader.)