In rural Gujarat, women farmers slowly take charge of their lives

For Hira Kanjarya, a 17-hour day is the norm as she gets up before dawn to cook for her five children, do the washing, milk her two buffaloes, and also run the family's cotton farm.

Kanjarya, 36, is one of a growing number of women being trained to take charge of some of the millions of smallholder farms across the country, where about 70 per cent of agricultural work is done by women but with little recognition of their input.

Changing gender roles

Gender roles in tradition-bound rural India are slowly changing with women having to take control as large numbers of working-age men migrate to cities for jobs and amid a wave of suicides by male farmers battling to provide for their families.

Acknowledging the growing role women play in India's key agricultural sector, state governments, farming groups, and private industry are starting to train women to lead farms,teaching them about crops, irrigation, and finance.

Repeated studies show that when women control the family’s finances, they invest more in their children, businesses and communities, which can be a step out of poverty.

“This is the way forward, women taking over the farms and investing in children's education,” Kanjarya, in a bright yellow sari, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation in her family’s spotless four-room home in Mayapur.

“From age five I had to work on my family's farm but I want to work now so my children get an education, better jobs and better husbands. Maybe one day my son will buy a big car and drive me around,” she said, laughing with her four-year-old son.

Women like Kanjarya taking the lead on farms is a major cultural shift in India where old superstitions often blame women for poor harvests, drought and disease -- with some punished as witches accused for causing such disasters.

Women in farming

Kanjarya is one of 1,250 women farmers being trained to grow sustainable cotton and run her farm as a business in a project by social enterprise Cotton Connect and India's Self Employed Women's Association (SEWA) funded by British retailer Primark.

At a training session for about 20 women in Mayapur, avillage 160 km (100 miles) from state capital Ahmedabad where buffaloes and cows wander the dusty streets, the women joke about knowing more than their husbands about farming and banking.

Aruna Kanjarya, 32, who has two children aged 10 and 13,said she had doubled her cotton yields while lowering her costs in three years -- and the extra income changed their lives.

“Our children are in school and I’ve helped pay to educate my husband who is now a computer operator for the state government,” said Kanjarya who, like most women in Mayapur, had an arranged marriage and first met her husband at their wedding.

A report by the charity Oxfam released in January, titled ‘An Economy for the 99 per cent’, said more than 40 per cent of 400 million women living in rural India -- a third of India's total population -- work in agriculture.

“However, as women are not recognised as farmers and do not own land, they have limited access to government schemes and credit, restricting their agricultural productivity,” it said.

Land ownership

According to official data, women make up more than a third of India's agriculture workforce, yet only about 13 per cent of farmland is owned by women.

United Nations studies have indicated closing the gender gap in agriculture could lift an estimated 100 to 150 million people from 800 million globally out of the clutches of hunger.

Campaigners hope a set of United Nations global goals agreed in 2015 and aiming for gender equality by 2030 could help elevate women's role in rural India with a commitment to give women equal access to decent work, education, and healthcare.

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