Rapidly shrinking Sundarbans threat to the Bengal tiger: Study

Mangrove forests of the Sundarbans – home to the Bengal tiger – are fast-disappearing, jeopardising the fate of the endangered species, UK scientists have warned.

Rapid deterioration in mangrove health is occurring in the Sundarbans – covering parts of Bangladesh and Indian state of West Bengal – resulting in as much as 200m of coast disappearing in a single year, according to a report by scientists from the Zoological Society of London (ZSL).

“Our results indicate a rapidly retreating coastline that cannot be accounted for by the regular dynamics of the Sundarbans. Degradation is happening fast, weakening this natural shield for India and Bangladesh,” ZSL’s Dr Nathalie Pettorelli, senior author of the paper said.

The report states that as human development thrives, and global temperature continues to rise, natural protection from tidal waves and cyclones is being degraded at alarming rates.

This will inevitably lead to species loss in this richly biodiverse part of the world, if nothing is done to stop it, it said.

Sundarbans, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the largest block of continuous mangrove forest in the world, being home to almost 500 species of reptile, fish, bird and mammals, including the endangered Bengal tiger.

“The Sundarbans is a critical tiger habitat; one of only a handful of remaining forests big enough to hold several hundred tigers. To lose the Sundarbans would be to move a step closer to the extinction of these majestic animals,” Sarah Christie, ZSL’s tiger conservation expert said.

Although mangroves are rare, they are an important barrier against climate change, providing protection to coastal areas from tsunamis and cyclones.

They are also the most carbon rich forests in the tropics with high carbon sequestration potential, meaning their degradation and loss substantially reduce our ability to mitigate, and adapt to, predicted changes in climatic conditions.

Mangroves comprise less than 1 per cent of all forest areas across the world, amounting to roughly half the size of the UK.

It is essential that the protection of mangroves becomes a priority, particularly for the charismatic species which will disappear with them if no action is taken to preserve their habitat, the report said.

“Mangrove protection is urgent given the continuing threats to the world’s remaining 14 to 15 million hectares of mangroves from aquaculture, land development and over-exploitation,” ZSL’s Chief Mangrove Scientific Advisor Jurgenne Primavera said in a statement.

“The recently established IUCN SSC Mangrove Specialist Group, hosted by ZSL, will develop a global conservation strategy for mangroves based on an assessment of research and conservation needs,” Primavera added.

The study was published in the journal Remote Sensing.

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