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US President Donald Trump put pressure on the World Trade Organisation on Friday to change how it designates developing countries, singling out China for unfairly getting preferential treatment.
Trump, in a memo, directed the United States Trade Representative to stop treating such countries as developing countries for the purpose of WTO membership if “substantial progress” toward reform had not been made within 90 days.
The WTO is one of many multi-lateral organisations that Trump has criticised, but his wider beef is with China, with whom the United States has engaged in trade talks that have so far not resulted in an agreement. “The WTO is BROKEN when the world's RICHEST countries claim to be developing countries to avoid WTO rules and get special treatment. NO more!!!” Trump wrote in a tweet on Friday.
The memo provides more detail on Trump’s frequent complaints that many large emerging market countries such as China have been taking unfair advantage of their status as developing economies under WTO rules, which allow them to maintain higher tariffs and other trade barriers aimed at boosting domestic growth.
The US has been working with Japan and the European Union to formulate and try to push forward WTO rule changes aimed largely at China, to rein in government subsidies and other non-market trade practices. But altering WTO rules has been notoriously difficult since the bodys creation in 1995, as all 164 member countries must agree on any changes.
US Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer has long viewed WTO rules as unable to rein in Chinas trade practices and in March, USTR said the United States would not allow itself to be held to a straitjacket of WTO obligations to which it never agreed.
If the Trump administration moves forward with steps outlined in the memo to stop treating certain countries as developing economies, it would likely be another move toward essentially ignoring some WTO rules.
The memo said nearly two-thirds of WTO member countries had been given access to special treatment by designating themselves developing countries, especially China. “The United States has never accepted China's claim to developing-country status, and virtually every current economic indicator belies China's claim,” it said, noting China's gross domestic product was the second largest in the world, behind only the United States.
“China and too many other countries have continued to style themselves as developing countries, allowing them to enjoy the benefits that come with that status and seek weaker commitments than those made by other WTO Members,” it said.
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