India is considering allowing state retirement funds to invest more in equities and opening them up to private-sector management to improve returns, as Prime Minister Narendra Modi seeks to expand the country’s tiny pensions net.
Hemant Contractor, head of the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA), told Reuters he was pushing for state pension funds to be allowed to invest up to half of their funds in stocks, up from the current 15 per cent.
“We have taken it up very strongly with the government,’’ Contractor said in an interview. “The moment the government accepts it, we will increase to 50 per cent.’’
The pension plans handle mostly state employees’ funds.
Finance Minister Arun Jaitley, who wants pension and insurance funds to invest more in equities and infrastructure, could make a decision soon, a ministry official said.
The pension savings of about $15 billion overseen by Contractor’s agency are about just 1 per cent of the Bombay Stock Exchange’s $1.5 trillion market value. But asset managers expect them to grow four-fold over five years, mainly driven by higher deposits following tax exemptions this year.
Tax break
Jaitley introduced a tax break this year on annual pension contributions of up to Rs 50,000 ($750), a step that could boost enrolments by 40-45 per cent in this fiscal year, Contractor said.
Modi has also urged the $100 billion state-run Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) to start buying stocks to lift its returns.
“There is a broad agreement that state employees should have an option on a par with private workers to invest in equity markets,’’ said a finance ministry official, who is involved in the policy process and spoke on condition of anonymity.
But most of India’s workforce is employed in the cash economy and has no formal retirement cover at all. Only about 12 per cent of those in work actually have a pension plan.
Annual returns
Funds overseen by PFRDA have returned more than 10 per cent a year since it was set up in 2004. That beats the 8.5 per cent earned by EPFO, which invests mainly in government bonds, but barely beat inflation over the same period.
Private players see an opportunity in the pension savings of the 60 million state employees who contribute $13 billion of the $15 billion in assets overseen by the PFRDA.
PFRDA plans to invite bids to manage more pension funds in the next two to three months. Awards would be based on the most competitive fees bid by asset managers.
“We are very positive,’’ said S. Bandyopadhyay, CEO of LIC Pension Fund, which manages $4.4 billion. He forecast that PFRDA-regulated assets could grow by three or four times to $60 billion over the next four years.
Still fund managers say there is long way to go as low awareness of pension products, adverse tax rules and a lack of confidence in the stock market deter many potential investors. ($1 = 66.4200 Indian rupees)