RBI’s Central Board approves ₹2.11-lakh crore surplus bonanza to the Govt

The Reserve Bank of India’s Central Board of Directors on Wednesday declared a bonanza to the Central Government, approving a massive, all-time high surplus transfer of ₹2,10,874 crore for FY24.

This bumper surplus transfer could help the government either borrow less in FY25 or step up capital expenditure. If the government borrows less, government security (G-Sec) yields could soften, thereby lowering its borrowing cost.

The previous highest surplus transfer was ₹1,76,051 crore in 2018-19. The surplus transfer in FY24 is 2.41 times the previous year’s ₹87,416 crore.

• Also read: How the RBI managed a large surplus transfer to the Centre in a difficult year

The surplus transfer in FY24 is also much higher than both the budgeted (₹1.02-lakh crore, including dividends from banks and financial institutions) and street estimates of ₹1-lakh crore surplus.

Following this announcement, the yield of the new 10-year benchmark G-Sec (coupon rate: 7.10 per cent) closed below 7 per cent on Wednesday at 6.9919 per cent, softening about 4 basis points (bps) as compared to the previous close of 7.0351 per cent. The price of this security rose by about 30 paise to close at ₹100.75 (previous close: ₹100.445).

Bond yields and prices are inversely related and move in opposite directions.

Bank of Baroda (BoB) economists’ Dipanwita Mazumdar and Aditi Gupta attributed the higher than anticipated surplus to higher interest income led by an increase in both global and domestic yields. There were also revaluation gains on forex reserves.

“The higher surplus will have a positive impact on government finances. This is positive in terms of maintaining the targeted fiscal deficit. Thus, the additional ₹1-lakh crore gives the government the headroom to either cut back on its gross borrowing from the market, putting less pressure on domestic yields, or increase its thrust towards capex,” they said.

• Also read: RBI’s gold holding increases by 27.46 metric tonnes in FY24, reaching 822.10 metric tonnes mark

The bumper dividend payout is also likely to ease reliance on the government’s disinvestment programme, on which progress has been slow in the last few years.

With bond-index-related FPI (foreign portfolio investor) inflows also expected to surge in Q2 (July-September) FY25, the benchmark 10-year yield could thaw to as low as 6.75 per cent, assuming the RBI invokes rate cuts in the second half, per the BoB Economists’ assessment.

In a statement, the RBI said that during accounting years 2018-19 to 2021-22, owing to the prevailing macroeconomic conditions and the onslaught of Covid-19 pandemic, the Board had decided to maintain the risk provisioning under the Contingent Risk Buffer (CRB) at 5.50 per cent of the Reserve Bank’s Balance Sheet size to support growth and overall economic activity.

With the revival in economic growth in FY23, the CRB was increased to 6 per cent. As the economy remains robust and resilient, the Board has decided to increase the CRB to 6.50 per cent for FY24.

• Also read: RBI economic surveys point to optimistic growth outlook

The Board thereafter approved the transfer of ₹2,10,874 crore as surplus to the Central Government for the accounting year 2023-24.

“This (surplus transfer) is an unexpected bonanza for the government. It will have a positive impact on the government’s finances and liquidity. But we need to see how the new government at the centre uses this windfall,” said V Rama Chandra Reddy, Head of Treasury, Karur Vysya Bank.

The options before the government are: straight away, reduce the borrowing and give priority to fiscal consolidation, or allocate the bounty for capital spending while presenting the full budget, he added.

“The first option will be a big positive for the bond market as the demand-supply will become more favourable.

“The other aspect is how the RBI manages this liquidity and liquidity stance in the next policy. If the stance continues to be “withdrawal of accommodation” in the next policy, the RBI may use other tools, including OMO (open market operation) sale and forex interventions to suck out the liquidity,” Reddy said.

Soumya Kanti Ghosh, Group Chief Economic Adviser, State Bank of India, said the development is an ode to the RBI managing volatility deftly while leveraging the turbulence in global markets to its advantage. “The provisional RBI balance sheet components show that the RBI domestic assets increased marginally while the foreign assets grew sharply. With higher domestic and foreign interest rates and possible contracting payable under LAF, the RBI surplus swelled in FY24. The increase in the price of gold also added to the overall expansion of the RBI balance sheet,” Ghosh said.