Days after a technical team from India arrived in the Maldives, to replace troops that President Mohamed Muizzu wanted removed, the Maldivian Defence Ministry announced signing a military pact with China.

Maldives’s Minister of Defence Mohamed Ghassan Maumoon and Major General Zhang Baoqun, Deputy Director at China’s Office for International Military Cooperation, on Monday signed an agreement on “China’s provision of military assistance gratis to the Republic of Maldives, fostering stronger bilateral ties”, the Maldivian Defence Ministry said. The two sides also held bilateral talks on military cooperation.

The Ministry’s post on social media platform ‘X’ did not mention details of what the agreement entails.  Further, China donated 12 green ambulances to the Maldives’s Health Ministry on Monday. The development is in line with the two countries agreeing to “elevate” China-Maldives relations to a “comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership”, during President Mohamed Muizzu’s five-day state visit to China in January this year. 

It also coincides with New Delhi’s apparent compromise with Male, agreeing to withdraw its troops stationed in the island nation, instead replacing them with a technical team to help operate India-gifted aircrafts. The decision was made amid President Muizzu’s persistent calls for the removal of Indian troops, a campaign promise-turned-official pledge made by the leader. Following bilateral discussions between a high-level core group, the two sides in early February reached a consensus on Indian troops leaving the Indian Ocean archipelago by May 10, 2024, in phases. Addressing a public event on Monday, President Muizzu reassured his supporters that Indian troops will no longer be stationed in the Maldives after the date, “either in uniform or in civil clothes.” He appeared to be responding to critics claiming that Indian soldiers had returned to the island nation in civil attire.

Jaishankar’s comments

Meanwhile, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar’s recent comments at an event in New Delhi, where he said, “big bullies don’t provide $4.5 billion in aid when the neighbours are in trouble,” referring to Indian assistance to Sri Lanka during its crisis in 2022, have drawn wide attention in the Maldives.

Interpreting it as a “swipe at” President Muizzu, the statement has been reported widely by Maldivian media, which linked Jaishankar’s remarks to Muizzu’s comments to local media soon after his return from China in January. “Maldives may be small, but that doesn’t give others the licence to bully the country,” President Muizzu had said.  

During his China visit, the Maldivian leader also urged Chinese travellers to reclaim their top spot in tourist arrivals to the island nation. India was the largest source market last year, but has since moved to the sixth spot, following the “boycott Maldives” campaign that went viral on Indian social media earlier this year. According to the Maldivian Tourism Ministry’s latest figures, China accounts for 12.8 per cent of the total number of visitors — 4,31,002 as of March 3 — recorded in 2024, while India accounts for 6.4 per cent. Earlier this year, Beijing said, “The relations between China and the Maldives now stand at a new historical starting point.”

The writer is The Hindu’s correspondent in Colombo

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