Nipah virus claims three lives in Kerala

The Nipah virus has so far claimed three lives in Kerala while one person is undergoing treatment and 8 others are under observation in Kozhikode district, Health minister K K Shylaja today said. The three deaths, which occurred over the past fortnight, were from the same family, including two siblings in their early twenties. The man who is undergoing treatment for ‘Nipah’ is the father of the two brothers who died.

Nipah virus (NiV) infection is a newly emerging zoonosis that causes severe disease in both animals and humans. The natural host of the virus are fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family, Pteropus genus. A bat was found in the well of their house which has now been closed, the minister said.

A nursing assistant, Lini, who had treated three infected persons, died this morning. However, it is yet to be confirmed if she had contracted the virus, which spreads through bats. Five more people have died due to high fever and similar symptoms of the virus here and in neighbouring Malappuram district. However, it is yet to be confirmed if their deaths was caused by the virus, health department sources said.

Health minister Shylaja and Labour minister, T P Ramakrishnan, who hails from Kozhikode, held discussions with officials and assured that the government had taken all necessary steps to prevent the spread of the virus, which has affected the state for the first time.

State on high alert

The state has been put on high alert and two control rooms have also been opened here.

The minister said there was no need to panic as the virus spreads only through direct contact with the infected person. “We have listed the persons who have got in touch with the patients. They have been isolated as precautionary measure,” she said. The minister said peripheral hospitals in the vicinity of Medical college have been asked to set up isolation wards and if they have patients with symptoms of the virus, they should be directed to the medical college.

NiV was first identified during an outbreak of disease that took place in Kampung Sungai Nipah in Malaysia during 1998. Then, pigs were the intermediate hosts. However, in subsequent NiV outbreaks, there were no intermediate hosts.

In Bangladesh in 2004, humans became infected with NiV as a result of consuming date palm sap that had been contaminated by infected fruit bats.

High-level team of doctors to probe deaths

A high-level team of doctors constituted by the Union Health Ministry has been sent to Kerala to probe the death of three persons due to Nipah virus in Kozhikode district.

The ministry has constituted a multi-disciplinary team headed by the Director of National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) , which has reached there today. “The Health Minister has directed constitution of a high-level team of doctors and the selected team has reached Kerala. It is being suspected that the virus is being spread by bats,” a health ministry official said.

“The team comprises officials from the department of Animal Husbandry, National Institute of Immunology and Indian Council of Medical Research, among others. The ministry is in close touch with Kerala health department to monitor the situation,” the official added.

Nipah virus (NiV) infection in humans has a range of clinical presentations, from asymptomatic infection to acute respiratory syndrome and fatal encephalitis, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). The Kozhikode health department is maintaining vigilance in the wake of three deaths. Two more persons, who were allegedly in contact with the deceased, are believed to be in a serious condition.

NiV is also capable of causing disease in pigs and other domestic animals. There is no vaccine for either humans or animals. The primary treatment for human cases is intensive supportive care, the WHO says on its website.

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